A plant cell without cellwall are called as protoplast and
its culture in vitro are called protoplast culture .a hybrid ahich is formed
using somatic cells of two varieties or species its known somatic hybrid. And this process is known somatic
hybridization .
Tow protoplast of different species are fused together by
using some chemicals and some physical material.
Chemicals :
Chemical substances like PEG [poly ethylene glycol], Nacl and
NaNo3, and high pH and high conc. Of Nacl .fusion of protoplast with the help
of chemical substances is called chemical fusion.
Physical method:
fusion of protoplast using electricity at high voltage is
called electro fusion. These cells are fused together not only the cytoplasm as
well as the nucleus and nucleoplasm. These are grows into the culture medium
and they developed easily and forms its own walls and these cells are called
somatic hybrid cells. Firstly somatic hybrids are developed from two tobacco
species by Carlson in 1972. After that some successful hybrids has been got
from different species of brassica , petunia , and solanum .these hybrids cells
give rise to callus and develops into different plants part.
For eg: tomato and potato mixed their protoplast and forms a
new hybrid is pomato. And another one is Bomato which is developed from brinjal and tomato
species . somatic hybrids are also formed using rice.
and carrot species so its having two characters like both are
having fruit and tuber structures.
Uses of somatic hybridization methods are as follows :
1
1: New hybrids
can be develops by using this technique like pomato and bomato.
2: Polyploid
plants can be developed.
3: Genetic
manipulation can be done more rapidly in protoplast condition of any cells.
4 : These
hybrids are formed by asexual reproduction.
Thanks for sharing!
जवाब देंहटाएंAt Xitij Instruments we care about the users who care about finding the new things! And we care about finding new state of art instruments like UV Transilluminators and other lab equipments.